汇报时间：2022年11月24日18:30-20:00

汇报地点：腾讯会议 341-880-708

汇报学生：杜明珠

指导教师：吕旭英

汇报题目：《大庆精神》（第132至168页）汉英翻译实践报告

参与导师： 吕旭英、王志林、杨娜

内容简介：

本次翻译报告中的翻译材料源自外文局翻译项目，是中国外文局为讲好中国共产党治国理政故事，塑造可信可爱可敬的中国形象，而编著的弘扬社会主义的学术专著。《大庆精神》全文共计71514字，译者负责翻译该书的第132页至168页的内容，既有专业性的石油科技文本，又有叙事性历史故事，还有具有中国特色社会主义的外宣文本。

文本特点: 全书带有纪实性文学或报告文学的特征，涉及哲学、政治、时政、中国文化、地方特色、石油科技和国内外历史背景，时而抽象，时而叙事，时而正式，时而随意，文体风格多变。

词汇: 具有浓厚的当地特色，比如朴实、简单的口语词；反映中国传统文化的文化负载词。

句子：句式结构松散且主语常变化，多为汉语流水句，按照原文语序直译容易模糊段落重点，因此需要译者根据句意来调整句式结构，建立逻辑。

语篇：内容文体风格多变，既有专业性较强的石油科技类描述性文本，又有用语生活化的小说类叙事文本，还有严谨的政治类外宣文本，译者需要根据文本的文体语言风格来进行语篇层面的翻译。科技类文本，在准确查找专业术语的基础上，大多采用直译的翻译方法，忠实再现科技文本内容；小说类则要从实现译文的可读性出发，尽量采用意译的翻译方法，实现文本的交际意义对等；而政治文本，则要具备政治敏感度，参照以往国家政策性文件的专有句式结构来翻译。

译文修改：

例1：

ST: 黄友书修鞋的行动受到领导的重视和支持，会战工委领导决定分给他一个旧板房，让他开个修鞋铺，免得到处打游击，还让各食堂把猪皮都送给黄友书修鞋用。

TT1: In addition, the Working Committee in the oil campaign attached great importance to and supported Huang’s behavior, provided him with an old board house for his work, and asked canteens to give him pig skins as raw materials for mending.

TT2: Huang’s work received the attention and support of the Working Committee in the oil campaign who decided to give him an old board room as his workshop so that he didn’t have to travel around. Pigskin was also sent to him from the canteens to use as mending materials.

例2：

ST: 1950年，也就是玉门油矿获得解放回到人民手中的第二年。当时油田招工，王进喜通过两次考试成为新中国第一代钻井工人。1956年，他加入中国共产党并于同年担任了钻井队贝乌五队的队长。从1950年当上钻井工人，到1960年他带领贝乌五队到大庆参加石油大会战，这10年是王进喜奋发图强的10年，也是他不断成长、成熟的重要时期。

TT1: 1950 marks the second year that Yumen Oilfield has been liberated. At that time, when the oil field recruited workers, Wang Jinxi passed two examinations to become the first generation of oil drilling workers in the PRC. In 1956, he was admitted to the Chinese Communist Party and assigned as the captain of Bewu No.5 team. From a drilling worker in 1950 to a captain leading his drilling crew to participate in the oil campaign in 1960. Ten years of hard work honed his drilling skills.

TT2: 1950 marked the second year that Yumen Oilfield was in the hands of New China. After two examinations, Wang Jinxi became one of the first generations of oil drilling workers in the PRC. In 1956, he was admitted to the Chinese Communist Party and appointed as the Bewu No. 5 Drilling Team leader. A decade between the 1950s and 1960s honed the Iron Man.  

例3：

ST: 建筑过程中遇到的困难难以尽述。进大兴安岭拉运木材的运输队，冒着严寒，跋山涉水，自己收集木材，吃冷馍、喝凉水，战泥泞，千里迢迢，拉出了大量的木材；采油、水电、机械加工等工种采取一人顶两人的岗位，挤出一部分人突击“干打垒”；钻井队伍和各级机关、科研、设计工作人员上班时间干工作，业余时间搞“干打垒”。

TT1: There are countless challenges in the construction. For example, some workers, enduring the cold weather, crossing hills, and rivers, transported timber from Greater Khingan to the construction site. They could only eat cold steamed bread and drink cold water on the way. Besides, due to the shortage of workers, one often wore many hats, including oil exploration, water and electricity supply, and mechanical processing, and the rest of the workers went to build rammed-earth houses. Moreover, drilling workers, government officials, and technicians buried themselves in work during office hours, while participating in house construction during off-hour.

TT2: There were indescribable challenges during the construction of these dwellings. For example, some workers, with just cold food to eat and cold water to drink, had to cross hills and rivers in the bitter cold, transporting timber all the way from Da Hinggan Range to the construction site on the muddy roads. Besides, due to the shortage of hands, workers who were in charge of exploration, water and electricity supply, and mechanical processing had to take on several different roles to help with the building of the rammed-earth houses. Moreover, drilling workers, officials, and technicians, after their work duties during regular office hours, went directly to the house construction project during their off-hours.

研讨反思：

通过此次研讨会，我不仅对翻译有了进一步的认识，还了解了一些案例分析的写作技巧，主要收获有以下几点：

第一、文学翻译不仅仅是两种语言之间的转换，更是两种文化的跨文化交流过程。译者不仅需要准确传达源语言的内含意思，还需要将作者的思想感情表达出来。Eg. “晚上，他还走家串户为职工家属服务。” “When night time came, he would go door to door to work for the families of the workers.”一个“还”字，揭示了文学作品主人公白天辛勤为石油职工修鞋，来回穿梭于不同的工作场所，甚至晚上还不能休息，依然要走家串户为职工家属进行修鞋服务，生动体现了主人公的奉献精神。所以，要在原有译文基础上增添程度副词even，更能传达中国工人阶级为人民服务的思想感情。

第二、多主谓结构的汉英翻译实践中，主语和谓语的选择尤为重要。因为汉语为语义型语言，注重内容的意会性，主语可由诸多不同类别的词语充当，构句方式相对灵活；英语为语法型语言，主语突出，且只能由名词或名词性的词语充当，句子结构受形式逻辑制约，较为完整和严密。谓语的确定与主语的选择密切相关，还需兼顾表意和构句的需要，即考虑英语语法规范、搭配习惯以及逻辑关系等问题。因此在翻译时，要牢记以上汉英语言之间的差异，从而进行汉英语言的转换。

第三、在进行案例分析时，需要增加翻译方法和翻译技巧。翻译方法和翻译技巧是前人翻译实践的经验的总结，对于翻译实践有解困释难的作用。因此，译者进行案例分析时，在结合翻译理论分析文本的基础上，还需要根据中英文语言特点，运用不同的翻译方法和翻译技巧来指导翻译实践。